The Evolution and Legacy of Visual Objects: A Comprehensive Overview
Visual Objects is a programming language with an interesting historical background and a notable legacy in the world of database software development. Born out of a desire to bring the Clipper language to the Windows platform and transition from procedural to object-oriented programming, Visual Objects has a rich story, both in terms of its creation and its practical application. Despite its initial hurdles and eventual decline in active development, Visual Objects remains relevant today to a certain niche community of developers who continue to work with it. This article provides a deep dive into the language’s origin, its features, and its lasting impact on the development of object-oriented programming (OOP) and database applications.
The Birth of Visual Objects
The roots of Visual Objects can be traced back to Nantucket, the original creators of the Clipper programming language. Clipper was a popular language in the 1980s and early 1990s, particularly for developing database applications for DOS. However, as computing platforms evolved, particularly with the emergence of Windows, Nantucket faced the need to adapt Clipper to a new, more modern environment. The decision was made to develop a new version of Clipper that could run on Windows and incorporate object-oriented features.
The project was codenamed Aspen, and its goal was to address several limitations of Clipper, the most significant being its procedural nature. This move towards object-oriented programming (OOP) reflected the broader trends in software development during the 1990s, where OOP became the dominant paradigm. OOP allowed developers to organize code more effectively by grouping related data and behaviors into objects, making programs easier to maintain and extend.
Visual Objects was conceived to do much more than simply bring Clipper to Windows. It was designed to offer a comprehensive suite of features that could enhance the productivity of developers. One of the language’s primary objectives was to offer a native Windows programming environment that was fully integrated with the Windows operating system and its features, such as COM (Component Object Model), ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), and later ADO (ActiveX Data Objects). These technologies enabled Visual Objects to interact with databases more efficiently, making it an attractive option for developers creating database-driven applications.
Key Features of Visual Objects
Object-Oriented Programming
The transition to an object-oriented paradigm was a defining feature of Visual Objects. It supported the creation of classes, methods, and inheritance, allowing developers to design software using the principles of encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance. These features made it easier to manage complex applications by organizing code into reusable objects and simplifying the relationship between data and behavior.
Native Compilation and Performance
Visual Objects offered significant performance improvements over its predecessor, Clipper, by transitioning from a p-code (pseudo-code) system to a true native compiler. This shift enabled Visual Objects programs to run faster and more efficiently, as they could be compiled directly into machine code for Windows systems. This was a critical development, as performance is often a crucial factor in enterprise applications, especially in the realm of database management.
Integration with Windows
Another notable feature of Visual Objects was its deep integration with the Windows operating system. The language provided a variety of tools for developers to create graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that were consistent with the look and feel of Windows. It also supported Windows-specific technologies such as COM for component-based software development and ODBC for database connectivity. This focus on Windows integration made Visual Objects particularly attractive to developers working in Windows environments, as it provided a seamless experience for both the user interface and backend data handling.
Database-Centric Development
Although Visual Objects was a general-purpose programming language, it was particularly well-suited for database applications. One of its standout features was its symbol datatype, which enabled developers to create name-based linkages. This feature was particularly useful for connecting menu events to object methods or forming direct linkages between server columns and form controls. These capabilities were vital for creating interactive and dynamic database-driven applications, making Visual Objects an excellent choice for businesses that needed to manage large volumes of data.
Compatibility with Clipper
Visual Objects was designed to be backward-compatible with Clipper, ensuring that developers who had experience with the older language could transition to the new environment without losing their existing codebase. This backward compatibility was a major selling point for businesses that had invested heavily in Clipper and did not want to abandon their existing applications entirely.
The Challenges and Decline of Visual Objects
Despite its promising features and capabilities, Visual Objects faced several challenges in the market. One of the most significant challenges was the timing of its release. Visual Objects was launched in direct competition with Borland’s Delphi, a powerful object-oriented language that was also aimed at Windows application development. Delphi quickly gained traction, with its ease of use and strong development tools, while Visual Objects struggled to establish itself as a mainstream alternative.
Additionally, Visual Objects suffered from a premature release that was not fully polished. The software was not quite ready for the market when it was first introduced, leading to a less-than-ideal reception from both developers and businesses. Many potential users were put off by the bugs and performance issues, which hindered its adoption.
Another factor that contributed to the decline of Visual Objects was the emergence of newer technologies, such as .NET, which promised better integration with modern Windows environments. As Microsoft focused more on .NET, the demand for older languages like Visual Objects began to wane.
In 2012, GrafX Software, which had taken over development of Visual Objects after its initial release by Computer Associates, released the last update for the language—version 2.8 sp4 (2838). At this point, GrafX announced that no new versions would be forthcoming. This marked the effective end of active development for Visual Objects, though the language still had a loyal user base.
The Legacy of Visual Objects
Despite its decline in popularity, Visual Objects left a lasting impact on the software development community. Its focus on object-oriented programming, database integration, and native compilation influenced later programming languages and development environments. For example, its integration of ODBC laid the groundwork for future database-centric programming frameworks. Its symbol datatype for creating dynamic linkages between user interface elements and data also foreshadowed similar features in modern frameworks and languages.
Moreover, Visual Objects served as a stepping stone for the development of Vulcan.NET, a language that sought to maintain compatibility with Visual Objects while also being fully compliant with the .NET framework. Vulcan.NET represented an effort to bring the legacy of Visual Objects into the modern era of .NET development, ensuring that the work done by developers in Visual Objects was not lost.
Conclusion
Visual Objects was a pioneering language in its time, offering a robust environment for developing object-oriented, database-driven applications for the Windows platform. Though it never achieved the level of mainstream success that other languages like Delphi or C++ did, it made significant contributions to the field of programming, particularly in the context of Windows application development and database management. Its legacy lives on in the continued use of the language by a dedicated community of developers and its influence on later programming languages and frameworks.
As technology continues to evolve, the lessons learned from Visual Objects remain valuable. It reminds us of the importance of adapting to new paradigms, integrating with emerging technologies, and ensuring that software tools are fully refined before being released to the public. In a rapidly changing landscape, these lessons are as relevant today as they were when Visual Objects first entered the market in the mid-1990s.