Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The symptoms of acute pneumonia can vary from mild to severe and may include:
- Cough: This may produce greenish, yellow, or bloody mucus.
- Fever: High fever, often with shaking chills.
- Shortness of breath: This may occur due to the inflamed air sacs filling with fluid.
- Chest pain: This can be sharp and worsen when breathing deeply or coughing.
- Fatigue: Feeling very tired or weak.
- Sweating: Particularly at night.
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea: Some people may experience these symptoms, especially children.
- Confusion: Especially in older people.
Symptoms can vary depending on the cause of pneumonia, a person’s age, and overall health. It’s important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if pneumonia is suspected.
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Certainly! Pneumonia is typically caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, with the most common cause being bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae. In some cases, pneumonia can also be caused by inhaling food, vomit, or liquids into the lungs, known as aspiration pneumonia.
The symptoms of pneumonia can develop suddenly over 24 to 48 hours, or they may come on more slowly over several days. In addition to the symptoms mentioned earlier, individuals with pneumonia may also experience:
- Rapid, shallow breathing
- Increased heart rate
- Bluish coloration of the lips or nails due to lack of oxygen in the blood (cyanosis)
- A cough that may produce phlegm
- Loss of appetite
- Low energy and fatigue
- Older adults may experience confusion or changes in mental awareness
Diagnosis of pneumonia usually involves a physical exam, a review of symptoms, and may include chest X-rays or other imaging tests to confirm the presence of infection in the lungs. Blood tests and sputum tests may also be done to identify the specific cause of the pneumonia.
Treatment for pneumonia depends on the underlying cause but often includes antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia or antiviral medication for viral pneumonia. Rest, staying hydrated, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage symptoms. Severe cases of pneumonia may require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics and supportive care.
Prevention of pneumonia includes practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, getting vaccinated against the flu and pneumococcal pneumonia, and avoiding smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.