Second-Degree Burns: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Second-degree burns, also known as partial-thickness burns, are injuries that affect the outer layer of skin (epidermis) and the layer beneath it (dermis). These burns are more severe than first-degree burns, which only affect the epidermis. Second-degree burns can result from exposure to flames, hot liquids, chemicals, or electricity.

Causes: Second-degree burns are typically caused by contact with hot surfaces, flames, scalding liquids, or chemicals. They can also result from prolonged exposure to the sun or from friction.

Symptoms: The symptoms of second-degree burns include:

1. Redness: The skin may appear red and swollen.
2. Blisters: The affected area may develop blisters filled with clear fluid.
3. Pain: Second-degree burns can be painful, especially when the affected area is touched or exposed to heat.
4. Peeling skin: As the burn heals, the skin may peel.

Treatment: Treatment for second-degree burns depends on the severity of the burn. Minor burns can often be treated at home, while more severe burns may require medical attention.

1. Cool water: Immediately after the burn occurs, cool the burned area with running water for at least 20 minutes. This helps to reduce swelling and pain.
2. Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
3. Bandages: Keep the burn clean and covered with a sterile bandage to prevent infection.
4. Avoid popping blisters: Do not pop blisters that form as a result of the burn, as this can increase the risk of infection.

Complications: Complications of second-degree burns can include infection, scarring, and changes in skin color. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect that you have a second-degree burn, especially if the burn covers a large area of the body or is on the face, hands, feet, or genitals.

Prevention: To prevent second-degree burns, take the following precautions:

1. Use caution around hot surfaces: Always use oven mitts or potholders when handling hot objects.
2. Test water temperature: Before bathing or showering, test the water temperature to avoid scalding.
3. Wear protective clothing: When working with chemicals or in environments where burns are a risk, wear protective clothing.
4. Apply sunscreen: Use sunscreen to protect your skin from sunburn, which can increase the risk of second-degree burns.

Second-degree burns can be painful and may require medical attention, especially if they cover a large area of the body or are located on the face, hands, feet, or genitals. If you suspect that you have a second-degree burn, seek medical attention promptly to prevent complications and promote healing.

Second-degree burns are classified into two types: superficial partial-thickness burns and deep partial-thickness burns.

1. Superficial Partial-Thickness Burns: These burns affect the top layer of the dermis and the epidermis. They are characterized by:

• Redness
• Blistering
• Swelling
• Pain
• Sensitivity to touch

Superficial partial-thickness burns usually heal within three weeks and may not result in scarring if properly treated.

2. Deep Partial-Thickness Burns: These burns extend deeper into the dermis and are more severe. They are characterized by:

• White or discolored skin
• Blisters that may be open and oozing
• Severe pain
• Swelling

Deep partial-thickness burns take longer to heal, often require medical attention, and can result in scarring.

Treatment of Second-Degree Burns:

1. Cooling the Burn: Run cool water over the burn for 10-15 minutes or apply a clean, cold compress to help reduce pain and swelling.
2. Cleaning the Burn: Gently wash the burn with mild soap and water to prevent infection.
3. Applying an Antibiotic Ointment: Apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment to the burn to help prevent infection.
4. Covering the Burn: Cover the burn with a nonstick sterile bandage to protect it and keep it clean.
5. Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
6. Avoiding Home Remedies: Do not apply butter, ice, or any home remedies to the burn, as they can make the burn worse or increase the risk of infection.

When to Seek Medical Attention:

• If the burn covers a large area of the body
• If the burn is on the face, hands, feet, or genitals
• If the burn is deep, causing white or charred skin
• If the burn is from chemicals or electricity
• If the burn shows signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, swelling, or pus

Complications of Second-Degree Burns:

• Infection: Second-degree burns are prone to infection, which can delay healing and lead to more serious complications.
• Scarring: Second-degree burns can result in hypertrophic scars or keloids, especially if the burn is deep or if the wound becomes infected.
• Contractures: Severe burns can cause the skin to tighten and pull together, leading to contractures that can affect mobility.

Prevention of Second-Degree Burns:

• Use caution when handling hot liquids or objects.
• Keep children away from hot surfaces and appliances.
• Use sunscreen to protect against sunburn.
• Install smoke alarms and have a fire escape plan in place.
• Wear protective clothing when working with chemicals or near open flames.

In conclusion, second-degree burns are serious injuries that require prompt and appropriate treatment to prevent complications. It is important to seek medical attention for severe or deep burns, as they may require specialized care to heal properly and minimize scarring.