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Desert climates, also known as arid climates, are characterized by low precipitation levels, typically less than 250 millimeters (10 inches) of rainfall per year. These regions often experience high temperatures during the day and low temperatures at night due to the lack of moisture in the air, which prevents it from retaining heat effectively. This temperature variation is known as a high diurnal temperature range.
Deserts also tend to have low humidity levels, which can lead to rapid evaporation of any moisture present in the soil. As a result, desert soils are often dry and lacking in organic matter. The combination of low precipitation, high temperatures, and low humidity results in arid conditions that are challenging for plant and animal life.
Vegetation in desert climates is typically sparse and adapted to survive in arid conditions. Plants often have specialized adaptations, such as deep root systems or the ability to store water in their tissues, to cope with limited water availability. Animal life in deserts is also adapted to the harsh conditions, with many species being nocturnal to avoid the heat of the day.
Sand dunes are a common feature of desert landscapes, formed by the wind depositing sand grains in sheltered areas. These dunes can vary in size from small ripples to large dunes that stretch for kilometers.
Desert climates are found in regions around the world, often in areas located at latitudes of around 30 degrees north and south of the equator. Examples of deserts include the Sahara Desert in Africa, the Arabian Desert in the Middle East, and the Mojave Desert in North America.