The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor, is situated in Southeast Asia and occupies the eastern half of the island of Timor, as well as the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco. Its total land area encompasses approximately 14,919 square kilometers (5,760 square miles), making it one of the smallest countries in Asia. The mainland of Timor-Leste covers about 14,609 square kilometers (5,640 square miles), while Atauro Island spans roughly 141 square kilometers (54 square miles), and Jaco Island measures approximately 11 square kilometers (4 square miles). Despite its relatively small size, Timor-Leste boasts diverse landscapes, including rugged mountains, lush forests, and pristine beaches, contributing to its rich biodiversity and attracting tourists and researchers alike.
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The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor, is a sovereign nation located in Southeast Asia. Its territory comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, as well as the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, along with the enclave of Ambeno on the western side of the island. Timor-Leste gained independence from Indonesia in 2002 after a long struggle for self-determination.
The mainland of Timor-Leste covers the majority of its land area, spanning approximately 14,609 square kilometers (5,640 square miles). This region is characterized by diverse landscapes, including mountainous terrain, fertile valleys, and tropical forests. The central mountain range, known as the Ramelau or Tatamailau Range, runs along the length of the island, with Mount Ramelau being the highest peak at 2,963 meters (9,721 feet) above sea level. These mountains not only contribute to the scenic beauty of the country but also influence its climate and biodiversity.
In addition to the mainland, Timor-Leste includes several smaller islands. Atauro Island, located north of the capital city of Dili, covers an area of approximately 141 square kilometers (54 square miles). This island is known for its stunning coral reefs and pristine beaches, attracting visitors interested in diving, snorkeling, and ecotourism. Jaco Island, situated off the eastern coast of Timor, is much smaller, spanning approximately 11 square kilometers (4 square miles). Despite its small size, Jaco Island is renowned for its natural beauty and is a protected area within Timor-Leste.
The maritime boundaries of Timor-Leste extend beyond its land area, encompassing vast ocean territory in the Timor Sea. The country has exclusive economic rights over significant portions of this maritime domain, which is rich in natural resources such as oil and gas. However, disputes with neighboring countries, particularly Australia, have arisen over the precise delimitation of maritime boundaries and the exploitation of resources in the Timor Sea.
Timor-Leste’s landscape and geographical features have played a significant role in shaping its history, culture, and society. The mountainous terrain has historically provided refuge and defense for indigenous communities, while the fertile valleys have supported agriculture and settlement. The diverse ecosystems, including rainforests, savannas, and coastal areas, harbor a wide array of flora and fauna, contributing to the country’s biodiversity and ecological importance.
Despite its relatively small size, Timor-Leste is culturally and ethnically diverse, with a population that includes various indigenous groups, as well as people of Portuguese, Indonesian, and Chinese descent. The country’s rich cultural heritage is reflected in its traditions, languages, and arts, which draw from both indigenous and external influences. Tetum and Portuguese are the official languages of Timor-Leste, reflecting its colonial history and linguistic diversity.
In summary, Timor-Leste encompasses approximately 14,919 square kilometers (5,760 square miles) of territory, consisting of the mainland of Timor and several smaller islands. Its diverse landscapes, ranging from mountains and forests to beaches and coral reefs, contribute to its natural beauty and ecological significance. Despite its small size, Timor-Leste’s geographical features have played a crucial role in shaping its history, culture, and society, making it a fascinating destination for travelers and researchers alike.