Governates of Palestine Explained

Palestine, a region with a complex and storied history, is situated in the Middle East along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The term “Palestine” historically refers to a broader geographic area encompassing parts of modern-day Israel and Jordan in addition to the Palestinian territories. Currently, when referring specifically to the Palestinian territories, the term “Palestine” generally denotes the two distinct entities of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

As of the latest updates and administrative divisions, the Palestinian territories are divided into a number of governorates, which serve as the primary administrative divisions within these areas. The West Bank, a landlocked territory that is located to the west of the Jordan River, is subdivided into several governorates. Similarly, the Gaza Strip, a coastal region to the southwest of the West Bank, is also divided into governorates.

In the West Bank, the administrative divisions are more numerous, reflecting the region’s historical and geopolitical complexity. The West Bank is divided into eleven governorates, which are:

1. Jenin – Located in the northern part of the West Bank, Jenin is known for its significant agricultural output and its role in Palestinian politics and economy. The city of Jenin serves as the administrative center of this governorate.

2. Tubas – Situated to the east of Jenin, Tubas is one of the smaller governorates in terms of area and population. It is predominantly rural and is known for its agricultural activity, particularly in the cultivation of olives and grains.

3. Tulkarem – This governorate lies to the southwest of Jenin and is an important commercial hub within the West Bank. Tulkarem is known for its agricultural products and its strategic location along major trade routes.

4. Nablus – Positioned in the northern central part of the West Bank, Nablus is one of the most historically significant cities in the region. The governorate of Nablus includes the city of Nablus itself, which is a key economic and cultural center.

5. Salfit – This governorate is located to the southwest of Nablus and is known for its agricultural contributions, particularly in olive oil production. Salfit is also significant for its archaeological sites and historical landmarks.

6. Qalqilya – Situated to the west of Nablus, Qalqilya is one of the smaller governorates but is notable for its strategic location near the border with Israel. The governorate is predominantly agricultural, with a focus on crops such as citrus fruits and vegetables.

7. Ramallah and Al-Bireh – This combined governorate is located in the central part of the West Bank. Ramallah, the administrative capital of the Palestinian Authority, is a major political, cultural, and economic center. Al-Bireh, adjacent to Ramallah, also contributes to the region’s administrative functions.

8. Jericho – Located in the southeastern part of the West Bank, Jericho is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. The governorate is known for its historical sites and archaeological significance, including ancient ruins and the biblical story of the city’s walls.

9. Bethlehem – This governorate is situated to the south of Jerusalem and is renowned for its religious and cultural significance, particularly as the birthplace of Jesus Christ. Bethlehem is a key pilgrimage site and is also known for its vibrant local economy and cultural heritage.

10. Hebron – Located in the southern part of the West Bank, Hebron is one of the largest governorates by both area and population. The city of Hebron is significant for its historical and religious importance, housing the Cave of the Patriarchs, a site sacred to both Jews and Muslims.

11. Jerusalem – The governorate of Jerusalem covers parts of the city of Jerusalem, which holds profound religious significance for Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike. The political status of Jerusalem is one of the most contentious issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with the city being claimed as a capital by both Israelis and Palestinians.

On the other hand, the Gaza Strip, a densely populated and geographically distinct region, is divided into five governorates:

1. Gaza – The governorate of Gaza encompasses the city of Gaza, the largest city in the Gaza Strip. Gaza is a major urban center with a significant population density and plays a crucial role in the political and economic life of the region.

2. North Gaza – This governorate is located to the north of the Gaza Strip and includes several smaller towns and villages. It is an important agricultural area and is known for its production of crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers.

3. Deir al-Balah – Situated in the central part of the Gaza Strip, Deir al-Balah is a governorate with a mixed economy that includes agriculture and small-scale industry. The governorate is also known for its historical sites and local markets.

4. Khan Younis – Located in the southern part of the Gaza Strip, Khan Younis is a significant governorate both in terms of population and economic activity. The city of Khan Younis is an important commercial and administrative center within the Gaza Strip.

5. Rafah – Situated at the southwestern tip of the Gaza Strip, Rafah is known for its proximity to the border with Egypt. The governorate is an important gateway for trade and movement between Gaza and Egypt and is also known for its humanitarian and reconstruction efforts following conflicts.

The administrative structure of these governorates reflects the political and social dynamics of the Palestinian territories. The governance and administrative divisions are managed by various local authorities, including the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. This division of authority and administration reflects the broader geopolitical context and ongoing conflict that affects the region.

In summary, the Palestinian territories are divided into a total of sixteen governorates: eleven in the West Bank and five in the Gaza Strip. Each governorate has its own unique characteristics, contributing to the rich and diverse tapestry of Palestinian geography, culture, and administration.