The Prophet Muhammad is a central figure in Islam, revered as the last messenger and prophet of God (Allah) according to Islamic belief. Born in Mecca in 570 CE, Muhammad received his first revelation from Allah through the angel Gabriel at the age of 40, marking the beginning of his prophethood. This event, known as the first revelation, is considered the starting point of Islam.
Muhammad’s early teachings emphasized the oneness of God and the importance of social justice, morality, and compassion. Despite facing opposition from the Quraysh tribe, who controlled Mecca and its pagan religious practices, Muhammad’s message gradually gained followers.
In 622 CE, due to increasing persecution, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina, an event known as the Hijra. This migration marks the beginning of the Islamic lunar calendar and is considered a turning point in Islamic history. In Medina, Muhammad established a thriving Muslim community and became a political and spiritual leader.
Muhammad’s teachings during his time in Medina encompassed a wide range of issues, including governance, ethics, warfare, and personal conduct. His leadership transformed the social, political, and moral landscape of Arabia.
Muhammad’s return to Mecca in 630 CE, known as the Conquest of Mecca, marked the triumph of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. He cleansed the Kaaba, the holiest site in Islam, of its idols and established Islam as the dominant faith in the region.
Throughout his life, Muhammad exemplified humility, kindness, and piety, serving as a role model for Muslims. His sayings and actions, known as Hadith, along with the Quran, form the basis of Islamic teachings and jurisprudence.
Muhammad passed away in 632 CE in Medina, leaving behind a legacy of spiritual guidance, social reform, and ethical principles that continue to inspire millions of Muslims worldwide.
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Muhammad’s early life was marked by tragedy and hardship. He was born into the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe, a prestigious but not affluent family. His father, Abdullah, died before his birth, and his mother, Aminah, died when he was only six years old. Orphaned at a young age, Muhammad was raised by his grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib, and later by his uncle, Abu Talib.
As a young man, Muhammad gained a reputation for his honesty, integrity, and trustworthiness. These qualities earned him the nickname “Al-Amin,” meaning “the trustworthy.” At the age of 25, Muhammad married Khadijah, a wealthy widow who was 15 years his senior. Their marriage was happy and loving, and Khadijah was the first person to accept Muhammad’s prophethood.
At the age of 40, Muhammad received his first revelation while meditating in a cave on Mount Hira outside Mecca. The angel Gabriel appeared to him and commanded him to “recite” in the name of Allah. This event marked the beginning of Muhammad’s prophethood and the revelation of the Quran, the holy book of Islam.
Initially, Muhammad’s message was met with skepticism and opposition from the Quraysh tribe, who saw it as a threat to their traditional beliefs and way of life. Despite facing persecution, Muhammad continued to preach the message of Islam, emphasizing the oneness of God (Allah) and the importance of social justice, morality, and compassion.
In 622 CE, the persecution became so severe that Muhammad and his followers were forced to flee Mecca and seek refuge in Yathrib, a city north of Mecca. This event, known as the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Yathrib, which was later renamed Medina (the city of the Prophet), Muhammad established a Muslim community based on principles of justice, equality, and mutual support.
In Medina, Muhammad became not only a spiritual leader but also a political and military leader. He established a constitution that guaranteed the rights of all citizens, regardless of their religion or tribe. He also engaged in several battles to defend the Muslim community against its enemies.
Despite his military successes, Muhammad always preferred peace over conflict. He emphasized the importance of forgiveness and reconciliation, even with those who had wronged him. He also encouraged his followers to seek knowledge and to treat others with kindness and compassion.
Muhammad’s teachings and example continue to inspire Muslims around the world today. His life and actions are considered a model of piety, humility, and devotion to God. He is often referred to as “the Seal of the Prophets,” signifying his status as the final prophet in Islam.
Muhammad passed away in 632 CE at the age of 63. His death was a profound loss for the Muslim community, but his teachings and legacy continue to guide and inspire millions of people worldwide.