Understanding Gastric Acid and Its Treatment
Gastric acid, commonly referred to as stomach acid or gastric juice, plays a crucial role in the digestive process of humans and many other animals. This acidic fluid is secreted by the gastric glands in the stomach lining and serves several important functions, primarily aiding in the digestion of food and killing harmful bacteria that may enter the digestive system.
Composition and Function
Gastric acid is primarily composed of hydrochloric acid (HCl), along with potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The pH of gastric acid typically ranges from 1.5 to 3.5, making it highly acidic. This acidity is essential for the activation of digestive enzymes, such as pepsin, which break down proteins into smaller peptides.
The acidic environment also serves to denature proteins, making them more accessible to digestive enzymes. Moreover, gastric acid helps to dissolve minerals and other nutrients from food, aiding in their absorption in the intestines. Beyond digestion, the low pH of gastric acid acts as a barrier against ingested pathogens, helping to protect the body from microbial infections.
Causes of Gastric Acid Imbalance
While gastric acid is crucial for digestion, an imbalance in its production or function can lead to various health issues. Gastric acidity