The term “infectious mononucleosis,” commonly known as glandular fever or mono, refers to a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This condition is characterized by symptoms such as fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue. It primarily affects adolescents and young adults, although it can occur at any age. Infectious mononucleosis typically resolves on its own within a few weeks to months, but complications can occasionally arise, especially in rare cases.
Causes
Infectious mononucleosis is primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus family. EBV is highly contagious and spreads through contact with saliva, hence its nickname “the kissing disease.” The virus can also spread through other bodily fluids, such as blood and semen, as well as organ transplantations and blood transfusions in rare cases.
Symptoms
Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis can vary widely but commonly include:
- Fatigue: Severe and persistent tiredness is a hallmark symptom.
- Sore throat: The throat may become very sore, often resembling strep throat.
- Swollen lymph nodes: Particularly in the neck and armpits.
- Fever: High fever, sometimes accompanied by chills.
- Headache: Often a dull, persistent headache.
- Swollen spleen: In some cases, the spleen may become enlarged.
- Rash: A rash, especially if a person takes antibiotics, which are usually not. Secondary develop they.