Low blood pressure, also known as hypotension, is a condition where the blood pressure in your arteries is lower than it should be. This can cause symptoms like dizziness, fainting, and fatigue. There are several causes of low blood pressure, including dehydration, heart problems, endocrine disorders, and neurological conditions. Treatment for low blood pressure depends on the underlying cause. For mild cases, increasing salt and fluid intake, wearing compression stockings, and avoiding alcohol can help. In more severe cases, medications may be prescribed to raise blood pressure. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is generally defined as a blood pressure reading lower than 90/60 mmHg. However, what’s considered low can vary from person to person, as some individuals naturally have lower blood pressure than others without any symptoms or adverse effects.
Symptoms of low blood pressure can include dizziness or lightheadedness, fainting (syncope), blurred or narrowing vision, nausea, fatigue, lack of concentration, and cold, clammy, pale skin. In severe cases, low blood pressure can lead to shock, a life-threatening condition where vital organs don’t receive enough blood flow to function properly.
There are several types and causes of low blood pressure, including:
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Orthostatic hypotension: This occurs when you stand up from a sitting or lying position, causing a sudden drop in blood pressure. It can be caused by dehydration, prolonged bed rest, heart problems, or certain medications.
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Neurally mediated hypotension: This condition is caused by a miscommunication between the heart and the brain, leading to a sudden drop in blood pressure after standing for long periods or being in a stressful situation.
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Severe infection (septic shock): This is a life-threatening complication of an infection where low blood pressure occurs due to the body’s response to the infection.
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Allergic reaction (anaphylaxis): This severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, among other symptoms.
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Endocrine problems: Disorders such as adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease), hypothyroidism, and diabetes can cause low blood pressure.
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Blood loss: Significant blood loss from an injury or internal bleeding can lead to low blood pressure.
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Severe dehydration: When your body loses more water than it takes in, it can cause weakness, dizziness, and fatigue, leading to low blood pressure.
Treatment for low blood pressure depends on the underlying cause. For mild cases, increasing salt and fluid intake, wearing compression stockings, and avoiding alcohol can help raise blood pressure. In more severe cases, medications such as fludrocortisone, midodrine, or others may be prescribed to raise blood pressure. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of low blood pressure, especially if you experience symptoms or have concerns about your blood pressure levels.