Located off the southwestern coast of South Korea, Jeju Island, often referred to as Jejudo or simply Jeju, is the country’s largest island and a popular tourist destination renowned for its natural beauty, unique culture, and mild climate. With a land area of approximately 1,846 square kilometers (713 square miles), Jeju is a volcanic island formed millions of years ago through volcanic eruptions, resulting in dramatic landscapes characterized by craggy cliffs, lush forests, pristine beaches, and fertile farmland.
Geologically, Jeju is dominated by Hallasan, a dormant shield volcano and the highest mountain in South Korea, standing at 1,950 meters (6,398 feet) above sea level. Hallasan, along with its surrounding area, forms Hallasan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognized for its biodiversity and geological significance. The volcano’s crater, known as Baengnokdam, contains a picturesque lake, adding to the allure of the park’s diverse ecosystems, including alpine meadows, wetlands, and temperate forests.
The island’s volcanic origins have also given rise to other notable geological formations, such as lava tubes and caves, with Manjanggul Cave being one of the most famous. This UNESCO-listed natural monument is one of the longest lava tubes in the world, stretching for over 13 kilometers (8 miles) and featuring impressive stalactites and stalagmites formed by ancient volcanic activity.
Aside from its geological wonders, Jeju boasts a rich cultural heritage shaped by centuries of isolation and distinct from mainland Korean traditions. The island is home to the Haenyeo, or “sea women,” a unique community of female divers who free-dive to harvest seafood such as abalone, sea urchins, and octopus from the ocean floor. The Haenyeo tradition, which dates back centuries, is recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity and serves as a symbol of women’s empowerment and resilience.
In addition to the Haenyeo, Jeju’s cultural landscape is dotted with traditional stone houses known as dol hareubang, or “grandfather statues,” which are iconic symbols of the island. These ancient stone figures, carved from porous volcanic rock, are believed to have protective and fertility powers, and they can be found guarding fields, villages, and entrances to mountain trails across Jeju.
Jeju’s cultural heritage is also reflected in its festivals, cuisine, and performing arts. The island hosts various festivals throughout the year, celebrating everything from cherry blossoms and camellias to traditional music and dance. Jeju’s cuisine is renowned for its fresh seafood, including dishes like hoe (raw fish), haemul pajeon (seafood pancake), and Jeju black pork, a local specialty prized for its tender texture and rich flavor.
Furthermore, Jeju is home to numerous museums, galleries, and cultural centers dedicated to preserving and promoting the island’s history and traditions. These include the Jeju National Museum, which showcases artifacts related to Jeju’s natural and cultural heritage, and the Jeju Stone Park, an open-air museum featuring exhibitions on dol hareubang and traditional stone architecture.
In recent decades, Jeju has also emerged as a hub for eco-tourism and sustainable development, with initiatives aimed at preserving its pristine environment while promoting responsible tourism practices. The island offers a wide range of outdoor activities for nature enthusiasts, including hiking, cycling, horseback riding, and exploring coastal trails. Jeju’s network of ecological reserves and protected areas provides habitat for diverse flora and fauna, including rare species such as the Jeju horse, a small breed native to the island.
Moreover, Jeju’s strategic location has made it a gateway to Northeast Asia, with modern infrastructure including an international airport, ferry terminals, and a high-speed rail link connecting the island to mainland South Korea. This accessibility has fueled Jeju’s tourism industry, attracting millions of visitors annually from both domestic and international markets.
In recent years, Jeju has also gained recognition as a UNESCO Global Geopark, highlighting its geological heritage and commitment to sustainable development. The designation underscores Jeju’s importance as a natural laboratory for studying volcanic processes and environmental conservation, further enhancing its appeal as a destination for education, research, and outdoor recreation.
Overall, Jeju Island offers a captivating blend of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and outdoor adventure, making it a must-visit destination for travelers seeking to explore the wonders of South Korea’s volcanic landscape and island culture. Whether hiking to the summit of Hallasan, diving with the Haenyeo, or savoring local delicacies by the sea, visitors to Jeju are sure to be enchanted by the island’s timeless charm and warm hospitality.
More Informations
Jeju Island, situated in the Korea Strait, is approximately 130 kilometers (80 miles) south of the Korean Peninsula. Its strategic location has historically made it a crucial point for trade and military purposes, with various kingdoms and empires vying for control over the island throughout history. Despite its turbulent past, Jeju has maintained its distinct identity, shaped by the interplay of geological forces, cultural influences, and human resilience.
The island’s volcanic origins are evident in its rugged terrain, characterized by jagged coastlines, towering cliffs, and fertile plains. The volcanic soil, enriched with minerals from ancient eruptions, supports a diverse array of flora, including rare species found only on Jeju. The island’s natural beauty has inspired artists, poets, and writers for centuries, with its dramatic landscapes serving as the backdrop for countless works of art and literature.
One of Jeju’s most iconic features is its network of lava tubes, formed by the flow of molten lava during volcanic eruptions. These subterranean passages, carved out over millennia, provide a glimpse into the island’s tumultuous geological history and offer opportunities for exploration and discovery. Manjanggul Cave, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the most famous of these lava tubes, attracting visitors with its otherworldly beauty and scientific significance.
Beyond its geological wonders, Jeju is home to a vibrant cultural scene, shaped by centuries of isolation and self-sufficiency. Traditional practices such as farming, fishing, and handicrafts have been passed down through generations, preserving the island’s cultural heritage in the face of modernization and globalization. Visitors to Jeju can experience these traditions firsthand through immersive cultural activities such as folk village tours, traditional craft workshops, and performances of traditional music and dance.
One of the most enduring symbols of Jeju’s cultural heritage is the Haenyeo, a community of female divers who have harvested seafood from the island’s coastal waters for centuries. These fearless women, known for their strength, agility, and deep connection to the sea, play a vital role in sustaining Jeju’s coastal ecosystem while embodying the spirit of resilience and independence. The Haenyeo’s traditional way of life is celebrated through festivals, exhibitions, and cultural events held throughout the year.
In addition to its cultural attractions, Jeju offers a wealth of outdoor activities for nature lovers and adventure seekers. The island’s diverse ecosystems, ranging from volcanic peaks to pristine beaches, provide opportunities for hiking, birdwatching, snorkeling, and surfing. Hallasan National Park, encompassing the island’s central volcanic massif, is a hiker’s paradise, with trails leading to the summit of Hallasan and panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.
For those seeking relaxation and rejuvenation, Jeju’s natural hot springs, known as oncheon, offer therapeutic benefits for mind and body. These geothermally heated pools, fed by underground springs, are believed to have healing properties and are popular destinations for wellness retreats and spa vacations. Visitors can soak in the mineral-rich waters while surrounded by lush forests and tranquil scenery, experiencing the restorative power of nature firsthand.
In recent years, Jeju has emerged as a global leader in sustainable tourism, with initiatives aimed at preserving its natural environment while promoting responsible travel practices. The island’s commitment to eco-friendly tourism is reflected in its green initiatives, eco-lodges, and conservation efforts, ensuring that future generations can continue to enjoy Jeju’s pristine beauty for years to come.
In conclusion, Jeju Island offers a rich tapestry of natural wonders, cultural treasures, and outdoor adventures, making it a destination like no other. Whether exploring lava caves, diving with the Haenyeo, or simply soaking in the island’s natural beauty, visitors to Jeju are sure to be captivated by its timeless charm and unforgettable experiences.